Sources
Sources and further reading
The text of this section was compiled for general readers from the sources below. The ideas and facts come from them; the wording is new, and any quotations are credited where they appear.
Lectures
Amory, Dita. “Henri Matisse and André Derain: A Fauve Summer in Collioure, 1905.” Lecture, New York Studio School, Fall 2023 Evening Lecture Series. YouTube video, 1:02:59. Posted November 2, 2023. Link
Amory, Dita, and Ann Dumas. “Exhibition Tour—Vertigo of Color: Matisse, Derain, and the Origins of Fauvism.” Exhibition tour, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. YouTube video, 21:06. Posted November 10, 2023. Link
Barnett, Vivian Endicott. “Contradictions in Kandinsky's Art.” Lecture, Neue Galerie New York. YouTube video, 47:44. Posted December 13, 2013. Link
Barnett, Vivian Endicott. “Franz Marc and August Macke: 1909–1914.” Exhibition video, Neue Galerie New York. YouTube video, 3:53. Posted October 24, 2018. Link
Barnett, Vivian Endicott. “Russian Artists in Germany.” Lecture, Neue Galerie New York. YouTube video, 40:22. Posted June 10, 2015. Link
Clarke, Jay A. “Member Lecture: Paula Modersohn-Becker—I Am Me.” Lecture, Art Institute of Chicago. YouTube video, 59:01. November 21, 2024. Link
Gariff, David. “David Gariff on German and Austrian Expressionism, Part 6.” Lecture 6 of 14, “Celebrating the East Building: 20th-Century Art.” Lecture, National Gallery of Art, Washington. YouTube video, 1:29:50. Posted August 2, 2021. Link
Gariff, David. “David Gariff on Henri Matisse and Fauvism, Part 4.” Lecture 4 of 14, “Celebrating the East Building: 20th-Century Art.” Lecture, National Gallery of Art, Washington. YouTube video, 1:11:29. Posted August 2, 2021. Link
Harris, Beth, and Steven Zucker. “Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912.” Video, Smarthistory. YouTube video, 5:15. Posted July 27, 2015. Link
Haxthausen, Charles W. “Paul Klee: ‘In the Magic Kitchen.’” MetSpeaks lecture, Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. YouTube video, 51:50 (edited version; the Q&A in the full livestream was also used). Posted December 14, 2022. Link
Kallir, Jane. “Patronage and Portraiture in the World of Egon Schiele.” Lecture, Neue Galerie New York. YouTube video, 42:54. Posted November 20, 2014. Link
Kreinik, Juliana, Steven Zucker, and Beth Harris. “Kirchner, Street, Dresden.” Video, Smarthistory. YouTube video, 9:55. Posted July 18, 2009. Link
Price, Dorothy. “Gabriele Münter: Arte moderno, raza y representación, con Dorothy Price.” Lecture (in English), Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid. YouTube video, 50:48. Posted April 8, 2025. Link
Whitner, Claire. “Finding the Krieg Cycle: Käthe Kollwitz, World War I, and the Creation of an Iconic Print Series.” Lecture, Smith College Museum of Art. YouTube video, 48:22. Posted April 25, 2016. Link
Curricula that shaped coverage
College Board. AP Art History Course and Exam Description. Works 131–134, consulted through the image list as reproduced on teacher sites. Link
Palomar College. “Early 20th Century Modern Art.” In ARTH C1200, open textbook. Palomar College, 2026. Link
Paraskos, Michael. “Expressionism in Germany and Beyond.” Day school. Imperial College London, April 2027. Course listing. Link
Weikop, Christian. “Expressionism, Dada, Bauhaus and Beyond.” Course HIAR10109. University of Edinburgh, Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study, 2026/27. Link
Museum collection records
Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College. “Self-Portrait as a Soldier” (1915), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
Arnold Schönberg Center, Vienna. “Blue Self-Portrait” (1910), Arnold Schoenberg. The Center has no online collection record; facts come from its 2025 press kit, Gemalte Musik. Atelierbesuch bei Arnold Schönberg. Link
The Art Institute of Chicago. “Improvisation No. 30 (Cannons)” (1913), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia. “Le Bonheur de vivre, also called The Joy of Life” (October 1905–March 1906), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich. “Fighting Forms” (1914), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “The Sisters Karoline and Pauline Fey” (1905), Richard Gerstl. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “Self-Portrait, Laughing” (1908), Richard Gerstl. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “Death and Maiden” (1915), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “Mother with Two Children III” (1915–1917), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “The Embrace” (1917), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Belvedere, Vienna. “Squatting Couple (The Family)” (1918), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Brücke-Museum, Berlin. “Elias Cemetery in Dresden” (1906), Max Pechstein. Collection record. Link
Centre Pompidou, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris. “Les Affiches à Trouville” (1906), Raoul Dufy. Collection record. Link
Centre Pompidou, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris. “Luxe, calme et volupté” (1904), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Europeana. “Still Life with Apples and Green Glass” (1906), Paula Modersohn-Becker. Aggregator record (inventory PMB 1993/009); no museum record was found online, and the holding museum is probable, not confirmed. Link
Kunsthalle Bielefeld. “The People (Das Volk), plate 7 of War” (1923), Käthe Kollwitz. Collection record, museum-digital. Link
Kunstmuseum Basel. “Motif from Hammamet” (1914), Paul Klee. Collection record. Link
Kunstmuseum Basel. “Animal Destinies (Tierschicksale)” (1913), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Kunstmuseum Den Haag, on Google Arts & Culture. “Czardas Dancers” (1908, reworked 1920), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Museum-supplied page; used because the museum's own record could not be opened. Link
Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf. “The Night (Die Nacht)” (1918–19), Max Beckmann. Collection record. Link
Leopold Museum, Vienna. “Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant” (1912), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Leopold Museum, Vienna. “Portrait of Wally Neuzil” (1912), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. “Portrait of Franz Hauer” (1914), Egon Schiele. Collection record. Link
Ministère de la Culture, Plateforme ouverte du patrimoine (POP), Joconde database. “Pont de Charing Cross” (c. 1906), André Derain. Catalogue record for the work on deposit at the Musée d'Orsay, Paris; used because the Orsay's own page could not be opened. Link
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid. “Fränzi in Front of Carved Chair” (1910), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
Museum Folkwang, Essen. “Horse in a Landscape” (1910), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Museum Ludwig, Cologne. “Lady in a Green Jacket” (1913), August Macke. Collection record, Kulturelles Erbe Köln. Link
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. “Street, Dresden” (1908, reworked 1919; dated on painting 1907), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Mountains at Collioure” (1905), André Derain. Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Houses in Dresden with People Strolling” (1909), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “English Step Dancers” (1911), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Street Scene after the Rain” (1914), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Posters at Trouville” (1906), Albert Marquet. Collection record (served from an NGA preview host). Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Open Window, Collioure” (1905), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Neue Galerie New York. “Ernst Ludwig Kirchner: Berlin Street Scene” (1913–14), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Exhibition page, July 26–September 17, 2007; the museum has no online collection record. Link
Paula Modersohn-Becker Museum (Museen Böttcherstraße), Bremen, on Google Arts & Culture. “Self-Portrait on Her Sixth Wedding Anniversary” (1906), Paula Modersohn-Becker. Museum-supplied page; the museum has no online collection record. Link
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. “Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat)” (1905), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. “Improvisation 28 (Second Version)” (1912), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. “Yellow Cow” (1911), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett. “Outbreak (Losbruch), plate 5 of Peasants' War” (1902–03), Käthe Kollwitz. Collection record (inv. 495-1909), Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. Link
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett. “Market in Tunis II” (1914), August Macke. Collection record, museum-digital. Link
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie. “Potsdamer Platz” (1914), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Collection record, museum-digital. Link
Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main. “Memorial Print for Karl Liebknecht” (1920), Käthe Kollwitz. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Portrait of the Dancer Alexander Sakharoff” (1909), Alexej von Jawlensky. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Murnau Landscape (Murnauer Landschaft)” (1909), Alexej von Jawlensky. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Riding Couple (Reitendes Paar)” (1906–07), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Murnau – View from the Window of the Griesbräu” (1908), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Cover of the Blue Rider Almanac” (1912), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Blue Horse I” (1911), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München. “Self-Portrait I (Selbstbildnis I)” (about 1910), Marianne von Werefkin. Collection record. Link
State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. “Composition VII” (1913), Wassily Kandinsky. Collection record. Link
Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK), Copenhagen. “Portrait of Madame Matisse. The Green Line” (1905), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK), Copenhagen. “Goldfish” (1912), Henri Matisse. Collection record. Link
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis. “The Large Blue Horses” (1911), Franz Marc. Collection record. Link
Reference sources
AMICA Library (Art Museum Image Consortium). “Henri Matisse, Femme au chapeau (Woman with the Hat), 1905.” Catalogue record, used for medium and dimensions because the SFMOMA collection page blocked access. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Arnold Schönberg Center. Gemalte Musik. Atelierbesuch bei Arnold Schönberg. Press kit. Vienna: Arnold Schönberg Center, 2025. Link
The British Museum, London. “Käthe Kollwitz, print from the Peasants' War cycle.” Collection record, museum number 1945,0810.1. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Centre Pompidou. “Henri Matisse, Luxe, calme et volupté.” Teaching resource dossier. Paris: Centre Pompidou. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Chan, Cristina. “Matisse's Femme au chapeau: From Scandal to Icon.” San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, March 2026. Link
Figura, Starr. “German Expressionism Styles: Austrian Expressionism.” In German Expressionism: Works from the Collection. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2016. Link
Historical Society of the New York Courts. “Lea Bondi Jaray Case Summary.” PDF. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Käthe Kollwitz Museum Köln. Biography information sheet on Käthe Kollwitz (Infoblatt 2). PDF. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Käthe Kollwitz Museum Köln. Worksheet on intaglio printing (Arbeitsblatt: Der Tiefdruck). PDF. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Leopold Museum, Vienna. Provenance dossier for Egon Schiele, Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant, 1912. PDF. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid. “Kirchner. Fränzi in Front of a Carved Chair, 1910.” Exhibition page, October 29, 1996–January 26, 1997. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow. “Henri Matisse, Goldfish, 1912.” Collection record for the Moscow version, cited for the companion picture and the goldfish theme. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main. “Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Programme of the Brücke Artists' Group, 1906.” Collection record and text. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, on Google Arts & Culture. “Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VII.” Museum-supplied text. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Tate. “Brücke.” Art Term. London: Tate. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link
Tate. “Fauvism.” Art Term. London: Tate. Accessed October 29, 2026. Link