Timeline of four green pigments with swatches: malachite, verdigris (swatch half green, half brown because it can turn brown), emerald green (1814, arsenic, now discontinued) and viridian (about 1838, very stable).

Concept · The Painter's Colors

Greens

Most old greens were copper: malachite, a ground mineral, and verdigris, made by letting vinegar corrode copper.

Cennini called verdigris and lead white "mortal enemies" and kept them apart. The 1800s added emerald green, bright but full of arsenic, and viridian, a cool chromium green that hardly changes.


  • Emerald green also colored wallpapers; by the 1850s doctors were reporting illness in the people who lived with them.

See

Image: Made for this site · Original work