Sources
Sources and further reading
The text of this section was compiled for general readers from the sources below. The ideas and facts come from them; the wording is new, and any quotations are credited where they appear.
Lectures
Foster, Kathleen A., and David B. Brownlee. “Thomas Eakins.” Penn Reading Project, University of Pennsylvania, 2009. YouTube video, 1:14:48. Link
Herdrich, Stephanie, and Sylvia Yount. “Winslow Homer: Crosscurrents, Virtual Opening.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022. YouTube video, 24:47. Link
Ribner, Jonathan. “A New Look at Impressionism: Millet and the Painters of Barbizon.” Lecture, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2018. YouTube video, 1:24:44. Link
Tilford, John Daniel. “The Arts and Satire of 19th Century France.” Oglethorpe University Museum of Art, 2015. YouTube video, 55:38. Link
Curricula
Gersh-Nesic, Beth S. “Realism in Art.” Course syllabus, Purchase College, SUNY, spring 2014. Link
National Gallery of Art. Picturing France, 1830–1900. Teaching packet. Washington: National Gallery of Art. Link
Taube, Isabel. “Realism.” Course description, Department of Art History, Rutgers University. Link
Western Cape Education Department. “Visual Arts Grade 11, Term 1: Realism.” ePortal. Link
Museum records
Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. The Iron Rolling Mill (Modern Cyclopes), Adolph Menzel, A I 201. Link
Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. Women Plucking Geese, Max Liebermann, A I 524. Link
Art Institute of Chicago. The Song of the Lark, Jules Breton, 1894.1033. Link
Birmingham Museums Trust. The Last of England, Ford Madox Brown, 1891P24. Link
Hamburger Kunsthalle. Three Women in Church, Wilhelm Leibl, HK-1534. Link
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Man with a Hoe, Jean-François Millet, 85.PA.114. Link
Manchester Art Gallery. Work, Ford Madox Brown, 1885.1. Link
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Street Singer, Édouard Manet, 66.304. Link
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The Sower, Jean-François Millet, 17.1485. Link
Musée Fabre, Montpellier. The Meeting (Bonjour Monsieur Courbet), Gustave Courbet, 868.1.23. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris (on deposit from the Louvre). Oxen Going to Work, Morning Effect, Constant Troyon, RF 127. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. A Burial at Ornans, Gustave Courbet, RF 325. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Haymaking, Jules Bastien-Lepage, RF 2748. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Ploughing in the Nivernais, Rosa Bonheur, RF 64. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. The Angelus, Jean-François Millet, RF 1877. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. The Gleaners, Jean-François Millet, RF 592. Link
Musée d'Orsay, Paris. The Painter's Studio, Gustave Courbet, RF 2257. Link
Musée du Louvre, Paris. Souvenir of Mortefontaine, Camille Corot, MI 692 bis. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. Carrefour de l'Epine, Eugène Cuvelier, 1995.36.71. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. Forest of Fontainebleau, Camille Corot, 1963.10.109. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rue Saint-Jacques, Charles Marville, 2003.17.1. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. Sunset from the Forest of Fontainebleau, Théodore Rousseau, 2003.70.1. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. The Dead Toreador, Édouard Manet, 1942.9.40. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. The Edge of the Forest at Les Monts-Girard, Fontainebleau, Narcisse Diaz de la Peña, 2000.37.1. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. The Old Musician, Édouard Manet, 1963.10.162. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. The Stream (Le Ruisseau du Puits-Noir; vallée de la Loue), Gustave Courbet, 1943.15.2. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. Washerwomen at the Oise River near Valmondois, Charles-François Daubigny, 1949.1.3. Link
Petit Palais, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris. Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine (Summer), Gustave Courbet. Link
Philadelphia Museum of Art and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic), Thomas Eakins, PAFA 2007.2; PMA 2007-1-1. Link
Royal Holloway, University of London. Applicants for Admission to a Casual Ward, Luke Fildes, THC0021. Link
Royal Holloway, University of London. The Railway Station, William Powell Frith, THC0022. Link
State Russian Museum, St Petersburg. Barge Haulers on the Volga, Ilya Repin, Ж-4056. Link
Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main. The Wave, Gustave Courbet, 1433. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Joan of Arc, Jules Bastien-Lepage, 89.21.1. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Le Ventre législatif (The Legislative Belly), Honoré Daumier, 20.60.5. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prisoners from the Front, Winslow Homer, 22.207. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834, Honoré Daumier, 20.23. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Snap the Whip, Winslow Homer, 50.41. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Champion Single Sculls (Max Schmitt in a Single Scull), Thomas Eakins, 34.92. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Gulf Stream, Winslow Homer, 06.1234. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Horse Fair, Rosa Bonheur, 87.25. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Laundress, Honoré Daumier, 47.122. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Third-Class Carriage, Honoré Daumier, 29.100.129. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Veteran in a New Field, Winslow Homer, 67.187.131. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Woman with a Rake, Jean-François Millet, 38.75. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Young Ladies of the Village, Gustave Courbet, 40.175. Link
References
Finocchio, Ross. “Nineteenth-Century French Realism.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004. Link
Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “Gustave Courbet (1819–1877).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009. Link
Smarthistory. “Realism and Reality.” Link
Smarthistory. Daumier, Rue Transnonain. Link
Government Art Collection (UK). Entry on Francis Holl's engraving after Frith, The Railway Station. Link
Musée Fabre, Montpellier. La rencontre (education sheet, PDF). Link
Hampton University Museum. Page on Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Banjo Lesson. Link