Sources
Sources and further reading
The text of this section was compiled for general readers from the sources below. The ideas and facts come from them; the wording is new, and any quotations are credited where they appear.
Lectures
Bowyer, Emerson, and Lisa Ayla Çakmak. “Conversation: Canova’s Modern Classics.” The Art Institute of Chicago, 2024. YouTube video. Link
Ferando, Christina. “Displays of Power: Canova’s Sculptures of Greatness.” Lecture, The Frick Collection, New York, June 13, 2018. YouTube video. Link
Galitz, Kathryn Calley. “Becoming Jacques-Louis David.” Evening Lecture Series, New York Studio School, March 27, 2013. YouTube video. Link
Hutson, James. “1 Rococo in France.” Lecture series. YouTube video, 2024. Link
Hutson, James. “4 Neoclassicism – David.” Lecture series. YouTube video, 2024. Link
Ilchman, Frederick. “Casanova’s Europe: Venice.” Lecture, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, June 19, 2018. YouTube video. Link
Postle, Martin. “Joseph Wright of Derby: Painter of Light – and Darkness.” Friends of Kenwood Sunday Lecture, 2026. YouTube video. Link
Pullins, David. “The Sofa: Furnishing Moral Tales in Eighteenth-Century French Painting.” Selz Lecture, Bard Graduate Center, New York, February 18, 2020. YouTube video. Link
Rosenblum, Robert. “Reinterpreting David.” Lecture, New York Studio School, December 15, 1993. YouTube video. Link
Stein, Perrin. “Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman — Virtual Opening.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022. YouTube video. Link
Curricula that shaped coverage
College Board. AP Art History Course and Exam Description. New York: College Board, 2020. Unit 4, Later Europe and Americas. Link
Foster, Laura. “AH 272 Special Topics in Early Modern Art: 18th-Century Art and Architecture.” Syllabus, John Cabot University, Rome, Fall 2024. Link
J. Paul Getty Museum. Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment: A Curriculum for Middle and High School Teachers. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, n.d. Link
Lumen Learning. “1700–1800: The Age of Enlightenment.” In Art History II, module 9. Open textbook, 2015. Link
Plax, Julie-Anne. “ARH 316B Survey of Eighteenth-Century Art.” Syllabus, University of Arizona, Spring 2008. Republished by Enfilade, August 23, 2010. Link
Museum records
Alte Pinakothek, Munich (Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen). “François Boucher, Madame de Pompadour, 1756.” Collection record. Link
Art Institute of Chicago. “Joshua Reynolds, Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, 1763–65.” Collection record. Link
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Estampes et photographie. “Étienne-Louis Boullée, Cenotaph for Newton, 1784.” Collection record. Link
Dulwich Picture Gallery. “Antoine Watteau, Les Plaisirs du bal, c. 1715–17.” Collection record. Link
Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. “Jean-Étienne Liotard, Das Schokoladenmädchen, about 1744.” Collection record. Link
Groeningemuseum, Musea Brugge. “Joseph-Benoît Suvée, Invention of the Art of Drawing, 1791.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Hyacinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, roi de France, 1701.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Antoine Watteau, Pèlerinage à l'île de Cythère, 1717.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Antoine Watteau, Pierrot, c. 1718–19.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “François Boucher, Diane sortant du bain, 1742.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “François Boucher, Le Déjeuner, 1739.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Le Verrou, c. 1777–78.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean Siméon Chardin, La Raie, 1728.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean Siméon Chardin, L'Enfant au toton, by 1738.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean-Baptiste Greuze, L'Accordée de village, 1761.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Le Fils puni, 1778.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jean-Baptiste Greuze, La Cruche cassée, about 1771–72.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Hubert Robert, Vue de la Grande Galerie du Louvre en ruine, 1796.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Antonio Canova, L'Amour et Psyché à demi couchée, 1787–93.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jacques-Louis David, Le Serment des Horaces, 1784–85.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jacques-Louis David, Brutus, premier Consul, 1789.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jacques-Louis David, Autoportrait, 1794.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jacques-Louis David, Les Sabines, 1799.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Jacques-Louis David, Portrait de Juliette Récamier, 1800.” Collection record. Link
Musée du Louvre. “Anne-Louis Girodet, Endymion. Effet de lune, 1791.” Collection record. Link
Musée national du château de Malmaison. “Jacques-Louis David, Le Premier Consul franchissant les Alpes au col du Grand Saint-Bernard, 1800.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Nicolas Lancret, La Camargo Dancing, c. 1730.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Young Girl Reading, c. 1769.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Canaletto, The Square of Saint Mark's, Venice, 1742/1744.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Jean Siméon Chardin, The House of Cards, probably 1737.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “John Singleton Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1778.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Giovanni Paolo Panini, Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, about 1734.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi, The Drawbridge, from the Carceri, published 1750/1758.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Art, Washington. “Jean-Antoine Houdon, Voltaire, 1778.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery of Canada. “Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, 1770.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery, London. “William Hogarth, Marriage A-la-Mode: 2, The Tête à Tête, about 1743.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery, London. “Thomas Gainsborough, Mr and Mrs Andrews, about 1750.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery, London. “George Stubbs, Whistlejacket, about 1762.” Collection record. Link
National Gallery, London. “Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, Self Portrait in a Straw Hat, 1782.” Collection record. Link
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. “Gilbert Stuart, George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait), 1796.” Collection record. Link
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm. “François Boucher, The Triumph of Venus, 1740.” Collection record. Link
Philadelphia Museum of Art. “Charles Willson Peale, Staircase Group (Portrait of Raphaelle Peale and Titian Ramsay Peale I), 1795.” Collection record. Link
Pilgrimage church, Steingaden (UNESCO WHC 271). “Dominikus and Johann Baptist Zimmermann, Pilgrimage Church of Wies, interior, 1745–54.” Collection record. Link
Royal Collection Trust. “Johan Zoffany, The Tribuna of the Uffizi, 1772–77.” Collection record. Link
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels. “Jacques-Louis David, Marat assassiné, 1793.” Collection record. Link
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemäldegalerie. “Antoine Watteau, Die italienische Komödie, c. 1716–17.” Collection record. Link
Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten, Schloss Charlottenburg. “Antoine Watteau, L'Enseigne de Gersaint, 1720.” Collection record. Link
The Frick Collection, New York. “Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Progress of Love: The Meeting, 1771–72.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Antoine Watteau, Mezzetin, c. 1718–20.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Antoine Watteau, The French Comedians, c. 1720.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Rosalba Carriera, Gustavus Hamilton, Second Viscount Boyne, in Masquerade Costume, 1730–31.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Allegory of the Planets and Continents, 1752.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “William Hogarth, Gin Lane, 1751.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Pompeo Batoni, Portrait of a Young Man, about 1760–65.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Anton Raphael Mengs, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, about 1777.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates, 1787.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Jacques-Louis David, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and Marie Anne Lavoisier, 1788.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Self-Portrait with Two Pupils, 1785.” Collection record. Link
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Antonio Canova, Perseus with the Head of Medusa, 1804–6.” Collection record. Link
The National Gallery, London. “Canaletto, Venice: Campo S. Vidal and Santa Maria della Carità ('The Stonemason's Yard'), about 1725.” Collection record. Link
The National Gallery, London. “Pietro Longhi, Exhibition of a Rhinoceros at Venice, probably 1751.” Collection record. Link
The Wallace Collection, London. “Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, c. 1767–68.” Collection record. Link
The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. “Étienne-Maurice Falconet, Pygmalion and Galatea, 1763.” Collection record. Link
Victoria and Albert Museum. “Antonio Canova, Theseus and the Minotaur, 1782.” Collection record. Link
Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. “Angelica Kauffman, Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures, about 1785.” Collection record. Link
Yale Center for British Art. “Joseph Wright of Derby, The Blacksmith's Shop, 1771.” Collection record. Link
Yale Center for British Art. “Gavin Hamilton, The Death of Lucretia, 1763–67.” Collection record. Link
References
Centeno, Silvia A., Dorothy Mahon, and David Pullins. “Refashioning the Lavoisiers.” Met Perspectives, September 1, 2021. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Link
Leca, Benedict, rev. Aaron Wile. “Antoine Watteau.” Artist biography. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2022. Link
National Gallery, London. “Fête galante.” Glossary. Link
Raux, Sophie. “Virtual Explorations of an 18th-Century Art Market Space: Gersaint, Watteau, and the Pont Notre-Dame.” Journal18, no. 5 (Spring 2018). Link
Stacey, C. P. “Benjamin West and ‘The Death of Wolfe’.” National Gallery of Canada Bulletin 7 (1966). Link
The Wallace Collection. “Fragonard’s The Swing.” Explore in depth, 2021. Link