The same blue pigment particles held in four binders: egg yolk (tempera), linseed oil (oil paint), gum arabic (watercolor) and beeswax (encaustic).

Concept · Paint and Its Surface

What a Binder Does

A binder turns loose colored powder into paint: it glues the grains to each other and to the surface.

For how a binder changes a pigment's look, see Color Theory, How Pigments Behave.


  • Glue paints (distemper) were once common, but they are fragile and few survive.

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